Xylitol, which is now found in more and more products, can cause hypoglycemia and liver injury. In severe cases hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias may develop. Common signs include vomiting, drooling, depression or hyperactivity, vocalization, tachycardia, hypertension and hyperthermia. Serotonin syndrome is also possible.įluoride is more often found in children's vitamins and most often results in gastrointestinal signs like vomiting and diarrhea. However, if ingested in larger amounts it may cause hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia. When ingested it will be converted into serotonin and can affect the nervous, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. These ingredients can be synergistic, so if a product has more than one of these ingredients, you can expect signs to be more severe that if it contains just one.ĥ hydroxytryptophan is a serotonin precursor. Signs such as hyperactivity, agitation, tachycardia, hypo- or hypertension and hyperthermia are common concerns. They include:Ĭaffeine, citrus aurantium, ephedra and yohimbine are all stimulants that affect the nervous and cardiovascular system. Some supplements contain extra ingredients on top of the normal list, and they can create problems for pets who ingest them. While just about anything can be a problem if ingested in the right quantities, typically iron and vitamin D have the smallest margin of safety and are most likely to potentially cause issues. Multivitamins are grouped into the APCC’s over-the-counter classification, and for the past two years OTC items have been either first or second on the top 10 list of exposures. In addition, the ASPCA’s Animal Poison Control Center reports that more potent supplements are becoming widely available to address an increased concern for Vitamin D deficiency in humans, so veterinarians are encountering more Vitamin D toxicosis in companion animals. Box 1.In the United States an estimated 52% of people take dietary supplements and 31% take a daily multivitamin/mineral-and that means a lot of potential pet exposures. Specific management depends on the severity of clinical signs and the particular substance involved. Support of cardiac and cardiovascular function is essential to prevent cardiac injury and maintain tissue perfusion. Animals with pre-existing cardiac disease or those with a mixed cardiotoxic drug overdose are likely to be more at risk of effects after exposure to substances affecting the cardiovascular system. The signs can last for up to 12 hours in some cases.
Symptoms usually start about 30 minutes after the dog drinks or eats coffee. The methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine, which are found in foods, and caffeine in supplements, are readily accessible to pets and can cause central nervous system and muscle (including cardiac muscle) stimulation. The longer the coffee is roasted, the less caffeine it will contain. Although severe cases are not common in companion animals, management may be complex, requiring high dose insulin therapy and/or lipid emulsion therapy. Cardiac drugs such as beta-blockers and calcium-channel blockers can cause hypotension and disrupt cardiac rhythm. A common cause of tachycardia in dogs is exposure to salbutamol from piercing an asthma inhaler. CPD article: Poisons affecting the cardiovascular systemĬardiac and cardiovascular function can be affected by numerous substances, including overdose of drugs for cardiac and cardiovascular conditions, drugs used in the management of other diseases, over-the-counter medicines and supplements, foods and natural toxins such as plants.
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